Pruning is simply cutting off parts of a plant. Responsible pruning is always done for a specific reason, like keeping a plant the optimal size for the landscape rather than allowing it to overgrow its space. Pruning a shrub or tree should always include removing dead, damaged or broken branches. mainly to prevent branches from falling and removing sections of trunk bark, as well as for the safety of any structures and people nearby. Pruning can also be done for aesthetic purposes, to shape a tree gracefully, even up a hedge or open up the center of the canopy to sun and air.

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Source: Gardening Know How